Thyroid
Thymus gland and ectopic inferior parathyroid adenomas

A 73-year-old woman from Antigua presented for a routine initial visit with a new primary care physician. Her blood pressure was 230/100 mm Hg, and she was started on hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg d...

Utility of 4D-CT imaging in the diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma

A 53-year-old white woman was referred for the evaluation of osteoporosis. She had no complaints at the time of initial evaluation and was not taking any medications besides a multivitamin. She ...

How I perform ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy

I am occasionally asked about my technique for performing ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy. Last year alone, I performed over 500 diagnostic ultrasounds or ultrasound-guided fine-needle biop...

Not all elevations in PTH indicate need for surgery

Last week a surgeon whom I work with frequently called me for some advice about a patient who was sent to him for parathyroidectomy. The patient was a young woman who had low bone mass on DXA. There w...

Thiazides and magnesium

A 24-hour episode of profuse, watery diarrhea brought her to the Emergency Department gravely ill. On admission she was hypotensive and tachycardic, but had no localizing abdominal symptoms. Her admit...

Zebras travel in pairs

“When you hear hoof beats, think horses, not zebras.” Many of us were given this advice while in training. When coming up with differential diagnoses, we were instructed to always...

Prescription drugs are not equivalent to nutritional supplements

Recently I have prescribed medication which was not covered by insurance because it was supposedly available as a dietary supplement. The first case was a 52-year-old man with severe hypertriglycerid...

Vitamin D — still much to learn

Vitamin D that we absorb from the sun or get in our diet appears to be biologically inert. It is not until it is hydroxylated in the liver to form calcediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25D) that bindi...

Endocrinology consultation before surgery

The inspiration for this post came from a previous comment and subsequent email. I once saw a patient who had an enlarged pituitary incidentally discovered on MRI. She was sent directly to the neuros...

Decreases in BMD seen before 10 years in patients not treated with parathyroidectomy

Parathyroidectomy led to normalization of biochemical indices and sustained increases in bone mineral density, according to trial findings. Researchers from Columbia University conducted an ...

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